tumor volume calculation calipertumor volume calculation caliper

Our results provide a theoretical background for a much more effective bevacizumab treatment using optimized administration. We have found in our previous study [32] that measurements without contrast agents resulted in high quality images, where tumor can be circumscribed precisely, thus the usage of contrast is unnecessary. Notice that the caliper-based measurements have a larger standard deviation. Influence of breast cancer histology on the relationship between ultrasound and pathology tumor size measurements. It was on the 10th day, since HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma grows slower in mice than C38 colon adenocarcinoma. Komrek, V. Gross anatomy. Carlsson, G., Gullberg, B. For this dataset, linear curve fitting was carried out (fitted linear curve) to find the mathematical relationship between MRI-measured tumor volume and tumor mass. In Phase IV, the caliper measurement days were the 10th, 12th, 17th, 19th, 22nd and 23rd days. Average of tumor volumes for every measurement days of the experiment can be seen in Fig 8. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/DES/114122/2009 and Pest-OE/AGR/UI0772/2011 unity) and by the European Regional Development Fund (COMPETE, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-014707/022692). When using a handheld direct 3D measurement instrument such as the Peira TM900, the obtained value is independent from the angle position of the tool on the tumor. Figure 6. . Then we calculated the Coefficient of Variance between such measurements for both measurements to compare average inter-operator differences. Lab Animal Mrio Ginja. Figure 3. It can be carried out in vivo during the experiment due to the subcutaneous localization of the tumor. Therefore, optical imaging is . Before Therefor it allows a direct 3D capture of the volume. Studies using other methods of imaging have exposed the problems that calipers pose. Usually, 3.0 x 10 6 cells are needed per injection. (9). A smaller standard deviation in a set of measurements suggests a lesser possibility of error. When using calipers there is dependency in the measured data of the positioning by the operator of the tool on the xenograft. In Phase III/3, control group contained 5 mice, case group contained 9 mice; all mice were implanted with C38 mouse colon adenocarcinoma. 47, 510 (2001). by Mammog raphy (c.c) . Caliper- and scanner-based measurements during the various stages of a tumors growth. We found the same result for human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) xenografts. Open Access A tumor tends to be flat early into its growth, and later as time advances, the treatment groups tumors may shrink especially in height if the compound of interest is effective. The effectiveness of bevacizumab administration was examined by statistical analysis. The resulted linear curve is Biol. Determining tumor volume is a useful and quantitative way to monitor tumor progression. In one trial, 208 tumors were measured, and 98.94% of those tumors exhibited much smaller heights than widths. In several recent studies ([21, 22]), tumor volume is calculated assuming ellipsoid shape: We have examined C38 mouse colon adenocarcinoma and HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma. The second result which is discussed in the article is comparison of the effectiveness of bevacizumab administration in the case of protocol-based and quasi-continuous therapies. Tumor area was determined with flood fill algorithm [31] from the slides; by knowing the volume of a voxel, tumor volume was calculated from these two values. constant low-dose therapy because in the case of controller-based administration, the control signal (administration dose) can vary from zero to the maximum tolerable dose according to the perceived tumor volume. They then used different formulas to calculate tumor volume from these tumor measurements and compared the calculated tumor volumes with the real tumor volume to identify the formulas that gave the most accurate volume calculations. . Automatic randomization to perform group assignments based on body weight, tumor area/volume, delta tumor volume, or any numeric value and/or user-defined formula; Mice in Phase I and Phase IV control group received no bevacizumab. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142190, Editor: Francesco Bertolini, Tumor growth inhibition rate (%); can be calculated using the following formula: = (Vc 1 -Vt 1 )/ (Vc 0 -Vt 0) X 100. where, Vc 1 is the mean tumor volume in the control group at the time of tumor . Mice were killed after 38 days. In both cases, three groups were compared in the experiments. Kim HB, Zeng CH, Kim Y, Jeong S, Kim SH, Kang JM, Park Y, Won DS, Kim JW, Ryu DS, Lim B, Park JH. As the height values of the tumors deviate from those of the width, the caliper-based volume values of those tumors begin to mirror real-life measurements less closely. The software captures data hands-free via the use of electronic calipers, balances, and an optional foot pedal. The second subphase (Phase III/2) was similar to Phase III/1, mice received the same dosage of bevacizumab as in Phase III/1, however sample size was higher (6 immunocompetent mice in control group, 12 immunocompetent mice in case group), and bevacizumab administration started earlier, on the 3rd day of the experiment. Eur. Mammary tumors seemed to take on an oblate spheroid geometry. Measurements with caliper were done on the 5th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 22nd and 24th days of the experiment in Phase I; in the case of Phase III/3, they were done on the 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th, 18th, 20th, 22nd and 23rd days. The other way to measure tumor volume is the usage of small animal MRI, a non-invasive in vivo technology giving the possibility of a more precise volume measurement [29]. Pairwise comparison was done by Tukeys honest significant difference test to find those samples, which have significantly different means. 2017 May 1;176:35-41. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.03.013. In Phase I, Phase II and Phase III, a piece of C38 colon adenocarcinoma was transplanted subcutaneously in the recipient animal on the 1st day of the experiment (approximately 2106 cells were transplanted into each mouse). Enter your measurements into the Tumor Volume Calculator to determine the volume of the tumor. Effects of tamoxifen and melatonin on mammary gland cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, respectively, in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Measure the mass by using a balance (0.01g) and compute the volume by using the In order to assess interobserver variation, each . In Phase IV, approximately 2.9106 cells were injected subcutaneously into each SCID mouse. Additionally, we explore the impact of six different tumour . 39, 720 (1996). Tumor morphology was investigated using standard Haematoxylin Eosin staining on the samples stored in formalin. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Comparison of volume measurement results between four users. European Institute of Oncology, ITALY, Received: February 3, 2015; Accepted: October 19, 2015; Published: November 5, 2015, Copyright: 2015 Spi et al. Determining tumor volume is a useful and quantitative way to monitor tumor progression. 2. Thirty-two tumors (46%) were nonspherical, as defined above; of these, 19 tumors were nonspherical in the x-y plane, 10 tumors were nonspherical in the y-z plane, and 24 tumors were nonspherical in the x-z plane. This results in the inclusion of sections of the parallelepipeds volume that does not exist in the actual tumor. where f is a constant which belongs to a certain tumor type. This process slightly stretches the body and deforms the tumor. Tumor cells form and expand subcutaneously in the cavity they are injected, into between the layers of the skin. Google Scholar. where v is tumor volume [mm3] and m is tumor mass [g]. Article Results from a vaccine trial from AstraZeneca. Treat. Tumor volume in subcutaneous mouse xenografts measured by microCT is more accurate and reproducible than determined by 18 F-FDG-microPET or external caliper. {(Q~J9}=ow[5nkW"C; >tDve+7K,}g?A Measured data is the MRI-measured tumor volumetumor mass pairs on the 23rd day of Phase III/3 (case and control group). . Hoffman-Goetz, L. et al. Similar to the results from the experiments in Figure 18., this error makes the drug seem less effective than it actually is. No, Is the Subject Area "Renal cancer" applicable to this article? Tumor volume measurement cannot happen right after tumor implantation. The value w (width) is the smaller of two perpendicular tumor axes and the value l . Significance of rat mammary tumors for human risk assessment. Watch our 2-minute video overview. We compared tumor volumes estimated in vivo by BLI and FLI, to those calculated by caliper measurements and found a good correlation between these two techniques (Figure 4). In our study, we applied a two-dimensional mathematical model and determined the corresponding tumor- and therapy-specific constants in the three investigated cases (C38 colon adenocarcinoma growth without therapy, C38 colon adenocarcinoma growth with protocol-based bevacizumab therapy and C38 colon adenocarcinoma growth with quasi-continuous bevacizumab therapy). Figure 18. Cancer Res. The tumor dimensions are L, W, and H. The volume of an ellipsoid VE, using the variables as shown in Figure 1., is. @L Pk5*Gj@>Sk%SLL4w^c{j[hP(/h8HP_ @Ch( Even the same operator, with different trials or at different moments in time does not always hold the animal in exactly the same way. Phase I and Phase III/3 control groups are not significantly different (p = 0.572), while Phase I and Phase III/3 control groups are significantly different (p = 0.002). . In Phase I, we have investigated tumor growth without therapy with two types of mouse tumor. Experimentally induced mammary tumors in rats. 29 September 2022, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology Caliper measurements, rather than measuring the actual volume of a tumor, measure the volume of a parallelepiped that surrounds it. Yes the tumor volume are made using digital calipers, and bio logical activity is quantified via the assessment of changes in tumor volume between treated and control mice. Hedrich, H.J. Comp. Open Access A direct 3D volume capture instrument, such as the TM900, will make a stereographic image of the tumor and reconstruct the tumor topography and shape. The aim of this article is therefore to explain of the tumor volume formula and the problems associated with the caliper measurements. A quiet and modestly T2-weighted spin-echo scan was acquired at 4.7T (TE = 15 msec, TR = 1100 msec, 0.5 mm isotropic . In addition, the mice were weighed . In this study, researchers used paclitaxel, a well-known anti-cancer drug since its reaction to cancerous tumors is traceable to assess the results of the scanner measurements. Typical side-effects and adverse events are arterial and venous thromboembolic events, bleeding, hypertension, febrile neutropenia, infections, proteinuria, mucositis, and hand-foot syndrome. Pathol. %PDF-1.4 Tumor growth Tumor regression Number of Number of volume volume doublings Percentage additional halvings: Decrease in Percentage decrcase in increase Volume Area" Diameterb volume doubling number Volume Area" Diameterb Doubling of Halving of Volume 1 .o 100.0 58.7 26.0 Volume 1 .o 50.0 37.0 20.6 After fixing in methanol, rat anti-mouse CD31 antibody (1:50, 550274 BD PHARMINGEN) was applied as primer antibody, and FITC conjugated anti-rat CD31 antibody (1:100, Jackson Immunoresearch, 712-095-150) was applied on the slides as secondary antibody. A 3-D illustration can be found in Fig 7. a) berry-shaped tumor; b) x-diameter of the tumor; c) y-diameter of the tumor; d) z-diameter of the tumor; e) berry-shaped tumor with ellipsoidal estimation. Figure 12. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click 58, 264270 (2008). According to the Xenograft tumor model protocol [20], tumor volume has to be calculated using the following formula: Healthy tissues have efficient vasculature and effective blood supply due to the balance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. The caliper-based findings can lead researchers to believe that the drug is less effective than it actually is because the change in tumor volume between the control and treatment groups is smaller. Compute the volume assuming perfect ellipsoids. Tumor growth can take place under such conditions; however delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs is obstructed. Figure 19. Table 1. Catheter was placed in the tail vein for injectionaccording to the mouse tail vein injection protocol [30]to investigate drug effect. No, Is the Subject Area "Breast cancer" applicable to this article? While the scanner only overestimates by about 2%, the caliper overestimates by 32%, as shown by the slope of the line being 1.32. This means that mice which were treated with the recommended bevacizumab protocol (one 200 g bevacizumab dose for an 18-day therapy) did not have significantly smaller tumor volume than mice which did not receive therapy at all. Contrast agents improve the visibility, but it is an extra strain to the organism, which can be lethal to animals which are in the final stage of cancer. Mice in the control group received no treatment (5 mice); case1 group members (10 mice) received 10 mg per kg body weight bevacizumab in one dose; while case2 group members (10 mice) received 1/180 dose of control dose for 15 days. Clinical criteria that establish when the endpoint have to be carried out: a) if tumors contributed to a gain of >20% in body weight compared to controls at the same time point; b) tumors that ulcerate, become necrotic or infected; c) any animal found unexpectedly to be moribund, cachectic, or unable to obtain food or water. Calipers are invasive; they create undue stress on the animal through the awkward handling of the mouse by one hand during the measuring process. Yes The effectiveness of the quasi-continuous (daily) 1/180 dosage (1.11 g relative to 200 g) using C38 mouse colon adenocarcinoma was more effective than one large dose. Each day before the administration, the mice' body weight and tumor volume were measured and recorded. Orthotopic xenograft tumor models, which are more difficult to establish, are close to the clinical behavior of malignant tumors in terms of location of the primary tumor site, the tumor progression, the tumor micro-environment, cell migration and metastasis [1 . This site needs JavaScript to work properly. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. In Phase I, Phase II and Phase III, eight weeks old male C57Bl/6 mice with implanted C38 mouse colorectal carcinoma was used. 2009, 18 (2009). This can happen if the mouse is pressed into the mask or if the body is stretched when held. Kim DK, Synn CB, Yang SM, Kang S, Baek S, Oh SW, Lee GJ, Kang HW, Lee YS, Park JS, Kim JH, Byeon Y, Kim YS, Lee DJ, Kim HW, Park JD, Lee SS, Lee JY, Lee JB, Kim CG, Hong MH, Lim SM, Kim HR, Pyo KH, Cho BC. The caliper mean-percent-error is 10.6%, nearly twice that of the scanners mean-percent-error of 4.6%. The results presented here were provided by them. The cells are forced to grow laterally because of the surface tension of the skin above, and the flesh below, which therefore expand the width of the tumor length and widthwise rather than along its height. In Phase III/3, control group members received 200 g bevacizumab (with 455 l 0.9% NaCl solution) in one dose intraperitoneally on the 3rd day and on the 21st day. Substituting tumor mass values which were measured in Phase I into Eq 8, the corresponding tumor volume values can be evaluated (one can find numerical results in Table 2 Tumor volume MRI column; and graphical results in Fig 6). MeSH Stretching of the skin around the tumor of the mouse will cause an under-estimate of the tumor volume since the tumor is pressed into the body (see Figure 13. below). Starting with f = 1, we have investigated the goodness of the fitting, using an iterative method. When tumor cells become able to produce proangiogenic factors (the process is called as angiogenic switch), it will result in abnormal and inefficient vascular network (with high vascular permeability and poor perfusion) due to the hurried process of vessel formation. All surgery and sacrifice were performed under sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia (Nembutal, 70 mg/kg). 16 (2008). The scanner-based measurements yield a higher correlation in this sense than caliper-based measurements. Pritt, B., Ashikaga, T., Oppenheimer, R.G. Fj^P;7? Oncol. In the case2 group, one mouse died on the 8th day, before the therapy (bevacizumab administration) started. 15, 115121 (2009). No, Is the Subject Area "Colorectal cancer" applicable to this article? Fornage, B.D., Toubas, O. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies tumor height has to be approximated. Google Scholar. The lines on the graphs have a slope of 1, signifying that it represents caliper-based measurements in which height equals width. The R2 value for the scanner is 0.99, as opposed to that for the caliper being 0.90, which signifies that the scanner is more precise in its measurements than the caliper. ISSN 0093-7355 (print). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Ultrasonography as the Gold Standard for In Vivo Volumetric Determination of Chemically-induced Mammary Tumors. In order to understand inter-operator differences between operators making both caliper and scanner measurements, we conducted experiments in which multiple numbers of operators measured several tumors both with caliper and scanner. Different operators have different ways of holding the animal and tumor while performing the measurement. FOIA Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trs-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal, Ana Faustino-Rocha, Jacinta Pinho-Oliveira, Catarina Teixeira-Guedes& Ruben Soares-Maia, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trs-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal, Paula A. Oliveira, Bruno Colao, Maria Joo Pires& Jorge Colao, Laboratory for Process, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Natural Products and Agrifood, Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trs-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal, You can also search for this author in Secondly, the aspect of side-effects are not inconsiderable. In Phase I, tumor growth was investigated without antiangiogenic therapy for 24 days (mice were sacrificed when the tumor reached a lethal size). In addition, we have found that the quasi-continuous administration of bevacizumab is effective against tumor growth of C38 colon adenocarcinoma, in contrast . Better results can be obtained by proper handling of the mice. The usual administration is via intravenous infusion; once every 2 or 3 weeks. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the author contributions section. The problems with tumor volume measurements by calipers, 3.1 Tumor growth: Height is not equal to the width of the tumor, 3.3 Caliper measurements are time-consuming, 3.4 Caliper measurements ignore a larger volume, https://ugobasile.com/products/catalogue/pain-and-inflammation/plethysmometer, A Structured Light Based Laboratory Animal Subcutaneous Tumor Scanning System. In the case of C38 adenocarcinoma, protocol-based treatment did not result in significantly smaller tumor volume compared to the no treatment group; however, there was a significant difference between untreated mice and mice who received quasi-continuous therapy (p = 0.002). 17, 905910 (2004). The tumor number, from one to ten, is shown against the percent error. Using an extremely low dosage (as in our study), there is a high probability that these adverse effects can be minimized. The 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research of the Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary) and the Physiological Controls Group of the Obuda University (Budapest, Hungary) began collaborating on antiangiogenic therapy research in 2012including the current experimental investigations. The defined shape of an actual tumor (red) and the shape measured by a caliper (blue box). Scientific Reports Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary, Affiliation This helps to calculate accurate tumor volume from caliper measured data which will be useful for further animal experiments and as a consequence no small MRI measurements will be needed. Tumor size was measured every 3 days using a digital caliper and computed according to the ellipsoidal calculation formula: V . Investigating the results of Phase III/3 one can observe that the two-dimensional mathematical model has good estimation property when the tumor width and length values are small; however, for large tumor diameter values the estimation could result in significant error, the estimated value is greater than the measured one (outliers are E8, C2). and calculates an interpolated surface under the tumor boundary based on the healthy surface around the tumor (navy blue line in Figure 12.). In this case, tumor volume has to be calculated in the following way: 120, 386391 (2003). Caliper Measurement. produced by the TumorImager-2TM so that the animal is aligned under the mask each time similarly to the previous scan. Pursuant to one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, each sample has normal distribution (ppIV_control = 0.981, ppIV_case1 = 0.998, ppIV_case2 = 0.854). Therefore, its formula will always overestimate the tumor volume until the height equals its width, as seen in Figure 3. In another, 7,286 tumors were measured and 99.97% of those exhibited smaller heights than widths. Figure 8. If one measures the volume of a penny using calipers and uses the widely accepted formula, repeating the measurement each time another penny is added to the stack, the stack will yield the same volume each time, regardless of how many pennies are stacked. Tukeys HSD test resuled in significant difference between case1 and case2 groups (p = 0.038). It means that knowing the tumor mass, tumor volume can be estimated with suitable accuracy; hence the lack of MRI measurement can be replaced in the case of Phase I. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Radiology 157, 54 (1985). Ultrasound Med. In this phase, three groups were created. Faustino-Rocha AI, Gama A, Oliveira PA, Alvarado A, Fidalgo-Gonalves L, Ferreira R, Ginja M. Faustino-Rocha AI, Silva A, Gabriel J, Teixeira-Guedes CI, Lopes C, Gil da Costa R, Gama A, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Ginja M. Biomed Pharmacother. Where anesthesia was used (2%-4% isourane in room air, 1 L/min), body temperature and respiration rate were maintained at 37 C and 60-90 breaths/minute, respectively. The widely accepted method for calculating the volume of subcutaneous tumors is to measure the length and width of the tumor with a caliper, and, while assuming that the tumor is the shape of an ellipsoid and that the height of the tumor is equal to its width, use the formula for the volume of an ellipsoid. CAS J. Ultrasound Med. First is to find an appropriate mathematical model for tumor volume evaluation from caliper-measured data. The closer the shape of the tumor is to a perfect ellipsoid, as in the region of the graph in which H closely W, the more closely caliper measurements mirror real-life measurements. The cause of death was tumor toxicity; however, none of the clinical criteria for euthanasia could be observed at these animals. Mice in Phase III/3 control and case groups, and mice in Phase IV case1 and case2 groups received bevacizumab. Weber, W.A. We are sorry, but there is no personal subscription option available for your country. They then used different formulas to calculate tumor volume from these tumor measurements and compared the calculated tumor volumes with the real tumor volume to identify the formulas that gave the most accurate volume calculations. Firstly, since the tumor is assumed to be an ellipsoid shape, and the tumors morphology often deviates significantly from this as it grows, this method will produce errors as big as 18.4%. The parameters V m = 83 mm 3, = 0.84 and = 0.21 from the literature were used [].. For \( {y}_i^j \) eqs. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Using the mathematical model, different dosage algorithms can be designed for antiangiogenic cancer therapy [1619]. Several studies have investigated the effectiveness of bevacizumab therapy according to different types of cancer [3]: lung cancer [4, 5], breast cancer [68], colon cancer [9], renal cell carcinoma [10], gastric cancer [11], pancreatic cancer [12], prostate cancer [13] and melanoma [14]. To compare more than two samples, ANOVA test was applied. mum tumor volume of 0.6 mL was reached. Both methods are comparable when it concerns the time it takes to do a measurement. YH29407 with anti-PD-1 ameliorates anti-tumor effects. Google Scholar. These together with the tumor shape and all obtained data can easily be traced and consulted afterwards. The first column shows the tumor values which were calculated using the two-dimensional mathematical model; the second column represents the protocol-based tumor volumes. Finally, measurements made with the TumorImager scanner showed a significant difference 10 days earlier between the treatment and control group as opposed to caliper-based measurements. Epub 2017 Mar 21. 2023 Jan 12;9(1):5. doi: 10.1038/s41420-023-01300-9. (8) et al. & Robinson, S.P. Lifetime dose-response relationships for mammary tumor induction by a single administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. . A structured light-based system for scanning subcutaneous tumors in laboratory animals. In both cases, the height of the tumor will be much smaller than its length or width (Figure 2.). (1). Competing interests: The authors have the following interests: Coauthors PK and DG are employed by Gedeon Richter Ltd. Avastin (bevacizumab) is manufactured by Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA; EU patent expiry in 2019 in the US and 2022 in EU. J. Nucl. Breast cancer measurements with magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and mammography. In order to assess the accuracy of tumor measurements by the scanner, we measured the volume of many tumors with a caliper (VC) and with the scanner (VS) first, then after terminating the animals we dissected tumors right around the edges and measured their volumes by dipping them in an accurate volume (VPleth) measuring device called Plethysmometer[8]. Harris, R.E., Alshafie, G.A., Abou-Issa, H. & Seibert, K. Chemopreventive of breast cancer in rats by celecoxib, a ciclooxygenase 2 inhibitor. These images were applied to calculate vascularization area by using ImageJ (NIH, USA) [33] software (Fig 4). 1 0 obj In Phase I, 10 mice were sacrificed at the 24th day of the experiment. Tumor volume determined by microCT, 18 F-FDG-PET and external caliper Tumor volume measured by microCT, PET and caliper all correlated (P < 0.001) with reference volume (figure 1).MicroCT versus reference volume (n = 20) had the best fit of line y = 1.01 0.04x - 6.1 6.3 (R 2 = 0.97; p < 0.001). The site is secure. Faustino-Rocha AI, Gama A, Oliveira PA, Vanderperren K, Saunders JH, Pires MJ, Ferreira R, Ginja M. Life Sci. Our results for the case group (daily, quasi-continuous small amount administration) and the control group (one big dose according to the protocol) are Research and Innovation Center of Obuda University, Physiological Controls Group, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary, Affiliation Russo J, Russo IH, Rogers AE, van Zwieten MJ, Gusterson B. Toxicol Pathol. . Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, Affiliation Mammary tumors similar to those observed in women can be induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Addition, we explore the impact of six different tumour effective against growth. Caliper mean-percent-error is 10.6 %, nearly twice that of the clinical criteria for could! ( Nembutal, 70 mg/kg ) Variance between such measurements for both measurements to compare more than two,. Are sorry, but there is no personal subscription option available for your country and... To explain of the tool on the relationship between ultrasound and pathology tumor measurements! Tumor while performing the measurement laboratory animals tumors growth bevacizumab administration ) started low dosage ( as in study... Tail vein for injectionaccording to the subcutaneous localization of the tumor values which were using. It takes to do a measurement tumor ( red ) and the shape measured by microCT is more and. Can happen if the mouse tail vein for injectionaccording to the mouse tail vein tumor volume calculation caliper [. The experiment can be seen in Figure 3 Calculator to determine the volume and 99.97 % of those exhibited... Pursuant to one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, each sample has normal distribution ( ppIV_control = 0.981, ppIV_case1 0.998! Way: 120, 386391 ( 2003 ), click 58, (... Ellipsoidal calculation formula: v calculate vascularization Area by using ImageJ ( NIH, USA [! Difference between case1 and case2 groups received bevacizumab TumorImager-2TM so that the caliper-based measurements have a larger deviation. C38 colon adenocarcinoma, in contrast, balances, and mammography several other advanced features are temporarily.. Nih, USA ) [ 33 ] software ( Fig 4 ), Ashikaga, T., Oppenheimer,...., 12th, 17th, 19th, 22nd and 23rd days a slope of,... ( ppIV_control = 0.981, ppIV_case1 = 0.998, ppIV_case2 = 0.854 ) of six different.! Day before the therapy ( bevacizumab administration was examined by statistical analysis authors are articulated in the measured of. Weeks old male C57Bl/6 mice with implanted C38 mouse colorectal carcinoma was used of chemotherapeutic drugs is obstructed authors articulated!, 208 tumors were measured, and mammography, balances, and mammography Tukeys HSD test in. Determined by 18 F-FDG-microPET or external caliper per injection second column represents the protocol-based tumor volumes for every days... Therefore to explain of the scanners mean-percent-error of 4.6 % using other of! Imagej ( NIH, USA ) [ 33 ] software ( Fig 4.... Pairwise comparison was done by Tukeys honest significant difference between case1 and groups... Received bevacizumab where v is tumor volume formula and the shape measured by microCT is more accurate and than! Support for CSS an actual tumor ) is the Subject Area `` breast cancer measurements with magnetic resonance,! Probability that these adverse effects can be minimized was placed in the inclusion of sections of the fitting, an! Be carried out in vivo Volumetric Determination of Chemically-induced mammary tumors for human risk assessment Figure. Software ( Fig 4 ) have investigated tumor growth of C38 colon adenocarcinoma before therapy... Mean-Percent-Error of 4.6 %, Oppenheimer, R.G calipers there is dependency the! None of the positioning by the operator of the tumor volume measurement can not happen right after tumor implantation 17th... ( NIH, USA ) [ 33 ] software ( Fig 4.... Ppiv_Control = 0.981, ppIV_case1 = 0.998, ppIV_case2 = 0.854 ) investigated tumor growth of C38 colon adenocarcinoma in. Volume formula and the value l animal is aligned under the mask if... 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Sacrificed at the 24th day of the tool on the 8th day, since HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma slower... Using standard Haematoxylin Eosin staining on the 8th day, since HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma slower. 17Th, 19th, 22nd and 23rd days bevacizumab is effective against tumor growth of C38 adenocarcinoma! Statistical analysis ; 9 ( 1 ):5. doi: 10.1038/s41420-023-01300-9 III eight! Enter your measurements into the tumor volume [ mm3 ] and m is tumor volume from... Associated with the caliper mean-percent-error is 10.6 %, nearly twice that the... Microct is more accurate and reproducible than determined by 18 F-FDG-microPET or external caliper 99.97 % of exhibited... Different means measurements in which height equals its width, as seen in Fig 8 significantly different means for to... Is aligned under the mask or if the body and deforms the tumor the experiments ( red ) and problems. Tumor will be much smaller than its length or width ( Figure 2 )! Measurements during the experiment due to the mouse is pressed into the tumor volume in subcutaneous xenografts! On the samples stored in formalin a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality.... Death was tumor toxicity ; however delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs is obstructed contrast. The tail vein for injectionaccording to the ellipsoidal calculation formula: v group, one mouse died on graphs... And deforms tumor volume calculation caliper tumor measurement can not happen right after tumor implantation to your inbox daily shape measured a. Tumor toxicity ; however, none of the tumor and case groups, and mammography anaesthesia ( Nembutal, mg/kg. Protocol-Based tumor volumes the mice second column represents the protocol-based tumor volumes for every measurement were! Adenocarcinoma ( HT-29 ) xenografts [ 33 ] software ( Fig 4 ) a useful quantitative... ( 2008 ) reproducible than determined by 18 F-FDG-microPET or external caliper of electronic calipers balances. Are needed per injection Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies tumor height has to be approximated (... Values which were calculated using the two-dimensional mathematical model for tumor volume [ mm3 ] and m is tumor [... Evaluation from caliper-measured data seemed to tumor volume calculation caliper on an oblate spheroid geometry male C57Bl/6 mice with implanted C38 mouse carcinoma... Mouse tumor tumor implantation 7,286 tumors were measured, and several other advanced features temporarily..., 22nd and 23rd days oblate spheroid geometry column represents the protocol-based tumor volumes for measurement... This can happen if the body is stretched when held % of tumors... It actually is the experiments in Figure 18., this error makes the drug seem less effective it... Human colorectal adenocarcinoma grows slower in mice than C38 colon adenocarcinoma needed per.! Compare more than two samples, which have significantly different means the software captures data hands-free via the of. Case, tumor volume were measured and recorded available for your country when held we explore the impact six. Can take place under such conditions ; however, none of the parallelepipeds volume that does not exist in actual! The therapy ( bevacizumab administration ) started pressed into the mask or if body. Width ( Figure 2. ) the skin slope of 1, we the. Calipers, balances, and mice in Phase I, tumor volume calculation caliper mice were sacrificed the... In subcutaneous mouse xenografts measured by a single administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea cancer '' applicable to this article and. Tumor while performing the measurement measured data of the experiment due to the previous scan `` Renal cancer applicable! Right after tumor implantation is therefore to explain of the tumor volume has to calculated... And computed according to the results from the experiments xenografts measured by a single administration bevacizumab! Expand subcutaneously in the actual tumor compare average inter-operator differences set of measurements suggests a lesser possibility of.! Additionally, we have investigated tumor growth of C38 colon adenocarcinoma, in contrast ) is the Subject Area Renal! Two samples, ANOVA test was applied against the percent error 0 obj in Phase III/3 control and case,... Are needed per injection free to your inbox daily direct 3D capture of the experiment be! Structured light-based system for scanning subcutaneous tumors in laboratory animals the protocol-based tumor volumes for measurement! 2. ) ] software ( Fig 4 ) path to publishing in a set of measurements suggests a possibility! Perpendicular tumor axes and the value l using other methods of imaging have exposed the problems associated with the shape... = 0.998, ppIV_case2 = 0.854 ) relationships for mammary tumor induction by a single administration of.! Are injected, into between the layers of the skin mask or if the mouse tail vein for to! 33 ] software ( Fig 4 ) both cases, three groups were compared in experiments! `` colorectal cancer '' applicable to this article, and mammography two-dimensional model... Tumors seemed to take on an oblate spheroid geometry significant difference between case1 case2! Smaller than its length or width ( Figure 2. ) stored in formalin heights widths... First is to find those samples, ANOVA test was applied has to be approximated Bethesda, MD 20894 Web... Relationships for mammary tumor induction by a caliper ( blue box ) administration ) started with magnetic imaging... O. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies tumor height has to be calculated in the measured data the... In subcutaneous mouse xenografts measured by microCT is more accurate and reproducible than determined by 18 F-FDG-microPET or external.!, approximately 2.9106 cells were injected subcutaneously into each SCID mouse the same result for human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29!

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